This factsheet provides a short summary of the potential climate change impacts on Australia’s cities and infrastructure. The local climate will influence the design requirements and function of infrastructure. While most settlements and infrastructure are designed for their local climate, this can break down under climate change (e.g. inadequate cooling in extreme heat, fire risk). Infrastructure can be exposed to risk through extremes (e.g excess heat increasing demand on electricity sectors and causing blackouts). The most vulnerable members of our communities are at the greatest risk and include elderly, the poor, the sick and the very young. Adaptation options will include new building designs and infrastrucutre, new building materials, but may also have to include protection measures and retreat in the case of coastal areas. The factsheet also describes research priorities and the work of the Australian Climate Change Adaptation Research Network for Settlements and Infrastructure.